Poster Presentation Multi-Omics Conference 2024

Multi-Taphon-omics: a multi-omic approach to archaeological, paleontological and forensic remains (#129)

Carney Matheson 1
  1. Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia

The study of ancient DNA has been around for 40 years now since Svante Pääbo analysed ancient Egyptian mummies and Russel Higuchi studied the quagga. Ancient protein analysis has been around for an even longer amount of time. These fields have changed over time into palaeogenomics and palaeoproteomics and the emergence of massive data acquisition in 'omic' approaches to ancient and degraded biomolecules. Taphonomy is the study of degradation and decomposition. We have developed multi-omic approaches to analyse these degraded molecules that we like to call multi-taphon-omics. Multi-taphon-omics is the application of any combination of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics (glycomics and lipidomics), metagenomics and transcriptomics to these degraded samples to gain more information. Acquiring more information from these limited samples allows us to address more questions and gain a greater understanding of past events and past lifeways. Archaeological, paleontological and forensic remains are extremely limited and thus extremely valuable, where the amount of sample is the primary limiting factor, so that any multiple analytical approaches must be carried out simultaneously on the same sample to recover more information in the destructive process of analysis. Here we present our progress on the multi-taphon-omic approach to archaeological, palaeontological and forensic samples.